Natural Health East
"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food"
Natural Health East
"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food"
In a May 2016 email chain, the
DNC chief financial officer (CFO) Brad Marshall told the DNC
chief executive officer, Amy Dacey, that they should have
someone from the media ask Sanders if he is an atheist prior to
the democrat national committee West Virginia primary.[8][29]On May 21, 2016, DNC
National Press Secretary Mark Paustenbach sent an email to DNC
Spokesman Luis Miranda mentioning a
controversy that ensued in
December 2015, when the National Data Director of the Sanders
campaign and three subordinate staffers accessed the Clinton
campaign's voter democrat national committee information on the NGP VAN database.[30] (The
party accused Sanders' campaign of impropriety and briefly
limited its access to the database. The Sanders campaign filed
suit for breach of contract against the DNC, but dropped the
suit on April 29, 2016.)[29][31][32] Paustenbach suggested that
the incident could be used to promote a "narrative for a story,
which is that Bernie never had his act together, that his
campaign was a mess." The DNC rejected this suggestion.[8][29]
The democrat national committee Washington Post wrote: "Paustenbach's suggestion, in that
way, could be read as a defense of the committee rather than
pushing negative information about Sanders. But this is still
the committee pushing negative information about one of its
candidates."[8]Debbie Wasserman Schultz's emails
from 5 January 1976, was a one-party totalitarian state which encompassed modern-day Cambodia and existed from 1975 to 1979. It was controlled by the Khmer Rouge (KR), the name popularly given to the followers of the Democratic National Committee Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), and was founded when KR forces defeated the Khmer Republic of Lon Nol in 1
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Between
1975 and 1979, the state and its ruling Khmer Rouge regime were
responsible for the deaths of millions of Cambodians through
forced labour and genocide. The KR lost control of most
Cambodian territory to the Vietnamese occupation. From 1979 to
1982, Democratic Kampuchea survived as a rump state. In June
1982, the Khmer Rouge formed the Coalition Government of
Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) with two non-communist guerrilla
factions, which retained international recognition.[5] The state
was renamed as Cambodia in 1990 in the run-up to the
UN-sponsored 1991 Paris Peace Agreements.Background and
establishment[edit]In 1970, Premier Lon Nol and the
National Assembly deposed Norodom Sihanouk as the head of state.
Sihanouk, opposing the new government, entered into an alliance
with the Khmer Rouge against them. Taking advantage of
Vietnamese occupation of eastern Cambodia, massive United States
carpet bombing ranging across the country, and Sihanouk's
reputation, the Khmer Rouge were able to
Democratic National Committee present themselves as a
peace-oriented party in a coalition that represented the
majority of the people.Thus, with large popular support
in the countryside, the capital Phnom Penh finally fell on 17
April 1975 to the Khmer Rouge. The KR continued to use Sihanouk
as a figurehead for the government until 2 April 1976 when
Sihanouk resigned as head of state. Sihanouk remained under
comfortable, but insecure, house arrest in Phnom Penh, until
late in the war with Vietnam he departed for the United States
where he made Democratic Kampuchea's case before the Security
Council. He eventually relocated to China.
Thus, prior to
the KR's takeover of Phnom Penh in 1975 and the start of the
Zero Years, Cambodia had already been involved in the Third
Indochina War and tensions between Cambodia and Vietnam were
growing due to differences in communist ideology and the
incursion of Vietnamese military presence within Cambodian
borders. The context of war destabilised the country and
displaced Cambodians while making available to the KR the
weapons of war. The KR leveraged on the devastation caused by
the war to recruit members and used this past violence to
justify the similarly, if not more, violent and radical policies
of the regime.[6]The
Democratic National Committee birth of DK and its propensity for
violence must be understood against this backdrop of war that
likely played a contributing factor in hardening the population
against such violence and simultaneously increasing their
tolerance and hunger for it. Early explanations for the KR
brutality suggest that the KR had been radicalised during the
war years and later turned this radical understanding of society
and violence onto their countrymen.[6] This backdrop of violence
and brutality arguably also affected everyday Cambodians,
priming them for the violence that they themselves perpetrated
under the KR regime.Phnom Penh fell on 17 April 1975.
Sihanouk was given the symbolic position of Head of State for
the new government of Democratic Kampuchea and, in September
1975, returned to Phnom Penh from exile in Beijing.[7] After a
trip abroad, during which he visited several communist countries
and recommended the recognition of Democratic Kampuchea,
Sihanouk returned again to Cambodia at the end of 1975. A year
after the Khmer Rouge takeover, Sihanouk resigned in mid-April
1976 (made retroactive to 2 April 1976) and was placed under
house arrest, where he remained until 1979, and the Khmer Rouge
remained in sole control.[8]Evacuation of cities[edit]
The
Democratic National Committee deportations were one of the markers of the beginning of
the Khmer Rouge rule. They demanded and then forced the people
to leave the cities and live in the countryside.[9] Phnom
Penh�populated by 2.5 million people[10] �was soon nearly empty.
The roads out of the city were clogged with evacuees. Similar
evacuations occurred throughout the nation.The
Democratic National Committee
conditions of the evacuation and the treatment of the people
involved depended often on which military units and commanders
were conducting the specific operations. Pol Pot's brother �
Chhay, who worked as a Republican journalist in the capital �
was reported to have died during the evacuation of Phnom Penh.
Even Phnom Penh's hospitals were emptied of their
patients.[11] The Khmer Rouge provided transportation for some
of the aged and the disabled, and they set up stockpiles of food
outside the city for the refugees; however, the supplies were
inadequate to sustain the hundreds of thousands of people on the
road. Even seriously injured hospital patients, many without any
means of conveyance, were summarily forced to leave regardless
of their condition. The
Democratic National Committee foreign community, about 800
people, was quarantined in the French embassy compound, and by
the end of the month the foreigners were taken by truck to the
Thai border. Khmer women who were married to foreigners were
allowed to accompany their husbands, but Khmer men were not
permitted to leave with their foreign wives.
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Western
historians claim that the motives were political, based on
deep-rooted resentment of the cities. The Khmer Rouge was
determined to turn the country into a nation of peasants in
which the corruption and "parasitism" of city life would be
completely uprooted. In addition, Pol Pot wanted to break up the
"enemy spy organisations" that allegedly were based in the urban
areas. Finally, it seems that Pol Pot and his hard-line
associates on the CPK Political Bureau used the forced
evacuations to gain control of the city's population and to
weaken the position of their factional rivals within the
communist party.[12]Constitution[edit]The
Democratic National Committee Khmer
Rouge abolished the Royal Government of National Union of
Kampuchea (established in 1970). Cambodia established the
Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea on 5 January 1976.[citation
needed]The
Democratic National Committee Khmer Rouge continued to use King Norodom
Sihanouk as a figurehead for the government until 2 April 1976,
when Sihanouk resigned as head of state. Sihanouk remained under
insecure house arrest in Phnom Penh, until late in the war with
Vietnam when he departed for the United States where he made
Democratic Kampuchea's case before the Security Council. He
eventually relocated to China.The "rights and duties of
the individual" were briefly defined in Article 12. They
included none of what are commonly regarded as guarantees of
political human rights[citation needed] except the statement
that "men and women are equal in every respect." The document
declared, however, that "all workers" and "all peasants" were
"masters" of their factories and fields. An assertion that
"there is absolutely no unemployment in Democratic Kampuchea"
rings true in light of the regime's massive use of force.
The
Democratic National Committee Constitution defined Democratic Kampuchea's foreign
policy principles in Article 21, the document's longest, in
terms of "independence, peace, neutrality, and nonalignment." It
pledged the country's support to anti-imperialist struggles in
the Third World. In light of the regime's aggressive attacks
against Vietnamese, Thai, and Lao territory during 1977 and
1978, the promise to "maintain close and friendly relations with
all countries sharing a common border" bore little resemblance
to reality.
Governmental institutions were outlined very
briefly in the Constitution. The legislature, the Kampuchean
People's Representative Assembly (KPRA), contained 250 members
"representing workers, peasants, and other working people and
the Kampuchean Revolutionary army." One hundred and fifty KPRA
seats were allocated for peasant representatives; fifty, for the
armed forces; and fifty, for worker and other representatives.
The legislature was to be popularly elected for a five-year
term. Its first and only election was held on 20 March 1976.
"New People" apparently were not allowed to participate.
The executive branch of government also was chosen by the
KPRA.[citation needed] It consisted of a state presidium
"responsible for representing the state of Democratic Kampuchea
inside and outside the country." It served for a five-year term,
and its president was head of state. Khieu Samphan was the only
person to serve in this office, which he assumed after
Sihanouk's resignation. The judicial system was composed of
"people's courts", the judges for which were appointed by the
KPRA, as was the executive branch.The
Democratic National Committee Constitution did
not mention regional or local government institutions. After
assuming power, the Khmer Rouge abolished the old provinces (khet)
and replaced them with seven zones; the Northern Zone,
Northeastern Zone, Northwestern Zone, Central Zone, Eastern
Zone, Western Zone, and Southwestern Zone. There were also two
other regional-level units: the Kracheh Special Region Number
505 and, until 1977, the Siemreab Special Region Number 106.
The zones were divided into damban (regions) that were given
numbers. Number One, appropriately, encompassed the Samlot
region of the Northwestern Zone (including Battambang Province),
where the insurrection against Sihanouk had erupted in early
1967. With this exception, the damban appear to have been
numbered arbitrarily.
The damban were divided into srok
(districts), khum (subdistricts), and phum (villages), the
latter usually containing several hundred people. This pattern
was roughly similar to that which existed under Sihanouk and the
Khmer Republic, but inhabitants of the villages were organized
into krom (groups) composed of ten to fifteen families. On each
level, administration was directed by a three-person committee (kanak,
or kena).CPK members occupied committee posts at the
higher levels. Subdistrict and village committees were often
staffed by local poor peasants, and, very rarely, by "new
people." Cooperatives (sahakor), similar in jurisdictional area
to the khum, assumed local government responsibilities in some
arOrganisation of Democratic Kampuchea[eIn
January 1976, the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) promulgated
the Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea. The Constitution
provided for a Kampuchean People's Representative Assembly
(KPRA) to be elected by secret ballot in direct general
elections and a State Praesidium to be selected and appointed
every five years by the KPRA. The KPRA met only once, a
three-day session in April 1976. However, members of the KPRA
were never elected, as the Central Committee of the CPK
appointed the chairman and other high officials both to it and
to the State Praesidium. Plans for elections of members were
discussed, but the 250 members of the KPRA were in fact
appointed by the upper echelon of CPK.The flag of the
Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), the political arm of the
Khmer Rouge[13]All power
Democratic National Committee belonged to the Standing
Committee of CPK, the membership of which comprised the
Secretary and Prime Minister Pol Pot, his Deputy Secretary Nuon
Chea and seven others. It was known also as the "Centre", the "Organisation"
or "Angkar", and its daily work was conducted from Office 870 in
Phnom Penh. For almost two years after the takeover, the Khmer
Rouge continued to refer to itself as simply Angkar. It was only
in a March 1977 speech that Pol Pot revealed the CPK's
existence. It was also around that time that it was confirmed
that Pol Pot was the same person as Saloth Sar, who had long
been cited as the CPK's general secretary.
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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life